The development, validation, and psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form 19 (COHIP-SF 19) for school-age children

Background: This study was performed to develop and validate a Japanese version of Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form (COHIP-SF) 19 and to assess its psychometric properties in Japanese school-age children. Methods: The original English COHIP-SF 19 was translated into Japanese (COHIP-SF 19 JP) using a standard forward and backward translation procedure. The psychometric properties of the COHIP-SF 19 JP were assessed in 379 public school students between 7 and 18 years of age in Fukuoka, Japan. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC) were the metrics used for evaluation of this questionnaire. The discriminant validly was examined using the Wilcoxon rank sum test to identify significant differences in COHIP-SF 19 JP scores according to the results of dental examinations. The convergent validity was examined using the Spearman correlations to determine the relationships between COHIP-SF 19 JP scores and the self-perceived oral health ratings. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed to verify the factor structure of the questionnaire. Results: The COHIP-SF 19 JP revealed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, 0.77) and test-retest reliability (ICC, 0.81). Discriminant validity indicated that children with dental caries or malocclusion had significantly lower COHIP-SF 19 JP scores (P < 0.05); convergent validity indicated that the self-perceived oral health rating was significantly correlated with the COHIP-SF 19 JP total score and subscores (rs = 0.352-0.567, P < 0.0001), indicating that the questionnaire had a sufficient construct validity. CFA suggested that the modified four-factor model had better model fit indices than the original three-factor model. Conclusion: The collected data showed that the COHIP-SF 19 JP possesses sufficient psychometric properties for use in Japanese school-age children.