Testosterone/dihydrotestosterone

Androgens are critical steroid hormones that regulate male sexual development and differentiation, including the formation of the reproductive system and the maintenance of its function. Androgens are also essential in muscle development and psychosexual behavior. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone act as the predominant androgens in mammals. Androgens mediate their effects through the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Liganded AR is translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and regulates the transcription of androgen-responsive genes. Mutations in the AR result in diseases such as androgen insensitivity syndrome, prostate cancer, Kennedy’s disease, and infertility.