Sintering polycrystalline olivine and polycrystalline clinopyroxene containing trace amount of graphite from natural crystals Seismology

Graphite-bearing polycrystalline olivine and polycrystalline clinopyroxene with submicron to micron grain size were successfully sintered from a single crystal of naturally occurring olivine (Fo_88-92Fa_12-8: Mg_1.76-1.84Fe_0.16-0.24SiO₄) and a single crystal of naturally occurring clinopyroxene (Di₉₉Hed₁: Ca_0.92Na_0.07Mn_0.01Mg_0.93Fe_0.01Al_0.06Si₂O₆). The milled powders of both these crystals were sintered under argon gas flow at temperatures ranging from 1130 to 1350 °C for 2 h. As the sintering temperature increased, the average grain size of olivine increased from 0.2 to 1.4 μm and that of clinopyroxene increased from 0.1 to 2.4 μm. The porosity of sintered samples remained at an almost-constant volume of 2-5% for olivine and 3-4% for clinopyroxene. The samples sintered from powders milled with ethanol exhibited trace amount of graphite, identified via Raman spectroscopy analysis. As the sintering temperature increased, the intensity of the graphite Raman peak decreased, compared with both olivine and clinopyroxene peaks. The carbon content of the sintered samples was estimated to be a few hundred ppm. The in-plane size (L _a ) of graphite in the sintered olivine was estimated to be <15 nm. Our experiments demonstrate new possibilities for preparing graphite-bearing silicate-mantle mineral rocks, and this method might be useful in understanding the influence of the physical properties of graphite on grain-size-sensitive rheology or the seismic velocity of the Earth's mantle.[Figure not available: see fulltext.]