@article{7b717a88c2134564b97821f8d4fbadb6,
title = "RandD spillovers, patents and the incentives to innovate in Japan and the United States",
abstract = "National surveys of RandD labs across the manufacturing sectors in the US and Japan show that intraindustry RandD knowledge flows and spillovers are greater in Japan than in the US and the appropriability of rents due to innovation less. Patents in particular are observed to play a more central role in diffusing information across rivals in Japan, and appear to be a key reason for greater intraindustry RandD spillovers there, suggesting that patent policy can importantly affect information flows. Uses of patents differ between the two nations, with strategic uses of patents, particularly for negotiations, being more common in Japan.",
author = "Cohen, {Wesley M.} and Akira Goto and Akiya Nagata and Nelson, {Richard R.} and Walsh, {John P.}",
note = "Funding Information: For comments, we thank Anthony Arundel, Setsuko Asami, Ashish Arora, Marco Ceccagnoli, Jesper Christensen, Rebecca Henderson, David Hounshell, Steven Klepper, Robert Kneller, Mariana Mazzucato, Ichiro Nakayama, Manny Schechter, members of the Institute of Intellectual Property (Tokyo), participants in the DRUID Nelson and Winter Conference of June 2001, the White House Working Group on Intellectual Property, the NBER Workshop on R&D and Productivity, the Innovation Survey Data Conference (Ministry of Industry, Paris), the University of Chicago{\textquoteright}s Law and Economics Seminar, the Wharton and UCLA strategy seminars and the Purdue University economics seminar. Principal research support was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Center for Global Partnership, the National Institute of Science and Technology Policy of Japan, and Grant No. 99-76384 of the US National Science Foundation. Supplemental support was provided by the Carnegie Bosch Institute of Carnegie Mellon University and Hitotsubashi University Institute of Innovation Research. Authors are listed alphabetically. ",
year = "2002",
doi = "10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00068-9",
language = "English",
volume = "31",
pages = "1349--1367",
journal = "Research Policy",
issn = "0048-7333",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
number = "8-9",
}