Osteogenesis by gradually expanding the interface between bone surface and periosteum: preliminary analysis of the use of novel plate and bone marrow stem cell administration in rabbits

The periosteum consists of the cells that are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts. Recently, gradually expanding the interface between bone surface and periosteum using the titanium-meshed plate has been suggested for osteogenesis. Meanwhile, the administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into callus has been postulated for facilitating osteogenesis. We tested a novel mesh plate consisting of a mixture of poly-L-lactide (PLLA) and particulate resorbable uncalcined hydroxyapatite (u-HA) as an alternative material for the periosteal distraction in rabbits. In addition, we also performed preliminary analysis on the effect of rabbit MSCs administrated into the gap created by periosteal distraction. Histological analysis by hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that the bone formation was successfully induced at the gap of periosteal distraction by the novel plate. The MSCs appeared to have a positive effect on the bone formation. Here, we showed that the novel PLLA/u-HA plate could be a replacement of the titanium-meshed plate in the periosteal distraction.