Optimization of design parameter of V-shaped perforated blocks in rectangular duct of solar air heater by using hybrid BWM-CODAS technique

This study investigates the influence of different functional parameters of V-SP blocks on flow characteristics and heat enhancement in a rectangular duct via experimental analysis. The main focus of this work is on designing SAH using a novel multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method. The influence of the different geometrical parameter's e/H = 0.4–1.0, β = 5%–25 %, P/e = 4–12 on the f, Nu and η was investigated and optimized. The combination of Re = 16000, β = 0.2, P/e = 8, e/H = 0.8yielded the most significant Nu (303.70). In contrast, the combination of Re = 16000, e/H = 0.6, P/e = 12, β = 0.15 yield the lowest f (0.083). The maximum η of 2.74 was obtained using Re = 4000, β = 0.2, P/e = 8, e/H = 0.8. Choosing the most suitable SAH design alternative is a challenging task as no single option can fulfil all the attain performance criteria. To address this, a hybrid MCDM approach, namely hybrid BWM-CODAS architecture, was utilized. The design alternative A-20, having geometric and flow arrangement as Re = 16,000, β = 0.2, P/e = 8 and e/H = 0.8 gives the overall performance in addition to another examined alternative. Additionally, the implicit of the proposed decision-making framework was validated with other MCDM approaches, indicating the results' robustness.