Identification of a urinary CD276 fragment for detecting resectable pancreatic cancer using a C-terminal proteomics strategy

This study aimed to confirm urinary protein fragments in relation to the presence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) via a C-terminal proteomics strategy using exploratory and validation cohorts. Urinary fragments were examined by iTRAQ-labelling of tryptic peptides and concentrations of C-terminal fragments were evaluated. Only the urinary CD276 fragment showed a fold change (FC) of > 1.5 with a significant difference of P < 0.01 between healthy (H) and PDAC participants in both the exploratory (H, n = 42; PDAC, n = 39) and validation cohorts (H, n = 36; resectable PDAC, n = 28). The sensitivity and specificity of the CD276 fragment for diagnosing resectable PDAC were 75% and 89%, respectively, in the validation cohort. Postoperative urinary levels of the CD276 fragment were low as compared to those before surgery (n = 18, P < 0.01). Comprehensive C-terminus proteomics identified an increase in the urinary CD276 fragment level as a feature of patients with PDAC. The urinary CD276 fragment is a potential biomarker for detecting resectable PDAC.