TY - JOUR
T1 - Examining the Wind Shear Theory of Sporadic E With ICON/MIGHTI Winds and COSMIC-2 Radio 2 Occultation Data
AU - Yamazaki, Y.
AU - Arras, C.
AU - Andoh, S.
AU - Miyoshi, Y.
AU - Shinagawa, H.
AU - Harding, B. J.
AU - Englert, C. R.
AU - Immel, T. J.
AU - Sobhkhiz-Miandehi, S.
AU - Stolle, C.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank J. Rodríguez-Zuluaga for providing the IGRF data. We also thank the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) for providing the COSMIC-2 radio occultation data and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for providing the ICON/MIGHTI data. ICON is supported by NASA's Explorers Program through contracts NNG12FA45C and NNG12FA42I. GAIA simulation was mainly performed using the computer systems at Research Institute for Information Technology of Kyushu University. The JRA-55 meteorological reanalysis data sets are provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). This work was supported in part by JSPS and DFG (grant YA-574-3-1) under the Joint Research Projects-LEAD with DFG (JRPs-LEAD with DFG). C. Arras acknowledges support by the DFG Priority Program Dynamic Earth, SPP 1788 under grant AR953/1-2.
Funding Information:
We thank J. Rodríguez‐Zuluaga for providing the IGRF data. We also thank the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) for providing the COSMIC‐2 radio occultation data and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for providing the ICON/MIGHTI data. ICON is supported by NASA's Explorers Program through contracts NNG12FA45C and NNG12FA42I. GAIA simulation was mainly performed using the computer systems at Research Institute for Information Technology of Kyushu University. The JRA‐55 meteorological reanalysis data sets are provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). This work was supported in part by JSPS and DFG (grant YA‐574‐3‐1) under the Joint Research Projects‐LEAD with DFG (JRPs‐LEAD with DFG). C. Arras acknowledges support by the DFG Priority Program Dynamic Earth, SPP 1788 under grant AR953/1‐2.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021. The Authors.
PY - 2022/1/16
Y1 - 2022/1/16
N2 - The wind shear theory is widely accepted as an explanation for the formation of a sporadic E (Es) layer, but the direct comparison of Es with the local wind shear has been limited due to the lack of neutral wind measurements. This study examines the role of the vertical wind shear for Es, using signal-to-noise ratio profiles from COSMIC-2 radio occultation measurements and concurrent measurements of neutral wind profiles from the Ionospheric Connection Explorer. It is observed that the Es occurrence rate and average S4 index are correlated with the negative vertical shear of the eastward wind, providing observational support for the wind shear theory. Es can be observed even when the vertical wind shear is positive, which is interpreted as metallic ion layers generated at an earlier time.
AB - The wind shear theory is widely accepted as an explanation for the formation of a sporadic E (Es) layer, but the direct comparison of Es with the local wind shear has been limited due to the lack of neutral wind measurements. This study examines the role of the vertical wind shear for Es, using signal-to-noise ratio profiles from COSMIC-2 radio occultation measurements and concurrent measurements of neutral wind profiles from the Ionospheric Connection Explorer. It is observed that the Es occurrence rate and average S4 index are correlated with the negative vertical shear of the eastward wind, providing observational support for the wind shear theory. Es can be observed even when the vertical wind shear is positive, which is interpreted as metallic ion layers generated at an earlier time.
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U2 - 10.1029/2021GL096202
DO - 10.1029/2021GL096202
M3 - Letter
AN - SCOPUS:85122794000
SN - 0094-8276
VL - 49
JO - Geophysical Research Letters
JF - Geophysical Research Letters
IS - 1
M1 - e2021GL096202
ER -