TY - JOUR
T1 - Emissions of nonmethane volatile organic compounds from open crop residue burning in the Yangtze River Delta region, China
AU - Kudo, Shinji
AU - Tanimoto, Hiroshi
AU - Inomata, Satoshi
AU - Saito, Shinji
AU - Pan, Xiaole
AU - Kanaya, Yugo
AU - Taketani, Fumikazu
AU - Wang, Zifa
AU - Chen, Hongyan
AU - Dong, Huabin
AU - Zhang, Meigen
AU - Yamaji, Kazuyo
N1 - Funding Information:
We are grateful to the participating members in the field campaign of Rudong. We thank Thomas Karl for his suggestion in providing experimental data of PTR-MS. Funding was provided mainly by the Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund (S-7-1) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. Funding was also provided by the Global Environment Research Fund (RFa-1102) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan, by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (B) (23310016) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan, and by the Global Environment Research Account for National Institutes by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. Analyses and visualizations of MODIS used in this paper were produced using the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC, and by Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Japan. Anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for insightful comments.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2014/6/27
Y1 - 2014/6/27
N2 - Open crop residue burning is one of the major sources of air pollutants including the precursors of photooxidants like ozone and secondary organic aerosol. We made measurements of trace gases including nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) in a rural area in central East China in June 2010. During the campaign, we identified six biomass burning events in total through the simultaneous enhancement of carbon monoxide and acetonitrile. Four cases represented fresh plumes (<2 h after emission), and two cases represented aged plumes (>3 h after emission), as determined by photochemical age. While we were not able to quantify formic acid, we identified an enhancement of major oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) as well as low molecular alkanes and alkenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons in these plumes. The observed normalized excess mixing ratios (NEMRs) of OVOCs and alkenes showed dependence on air mass age, even in fresh smoke plumes, supporting the view that these species are rapidly produced and destructed, respectively, during plume evolution. Based on the NEMR data in the fresh plumes, we calculated the emission factors (EFs) of individual NMVOC. The comparison to previous reports suggests that the EFs of formaldehyde and acetic acid have been overestimated, while those of alkenes have been underestimated. Finally, we suggest that open burning of wheat residue in China releases about 0.34 Tg NMVOCs annually. If we applied the same EFs to all crops, the annual NMVOC emissions would be 2.33 Tg. The EFs of speciated NMVOCs can be used to improve the existing inventories.
AB - Open crop residue burning is one of the major sources of air pollutants including the precursors of photooxidants like ozone and secondary organic aerosol. We made measurements of trace gases including nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) in a rural area in central East China in June 2010. During the campaign, we identified six biomass burning events in total through the simultaneous enhancement of carbon monoxide and acetonitrile. Four cases represented fresh plumes (<2 h after emission), and two cases represented aged plumes (>3 h after emission), as determined by photochemical age. While we were not able to quantify formic acid, we identified an enhancement of major oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) as well as low molecular alkanes and alkenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons in these plumes. The observed normalized excess mixing ratios (NEMRs) of OVOCs and alkenes showed dependence on air mass age, even in fresh smoke plumes, supporting the view that these species are rapidly produced and destructed, respectively, during plume evolution. Based on the NEMR data in the fresh plumes, we calculated the emission factors (EFs) of individual NMVOC. The comparison to previous reports suggests that the EFs of formaldehyde and acetic acid have been overestimated, while those of alkenes have been underestimated. Finally, we suggest that open burning of wheat residue in China releases about 0.34 Tg NMVOCs annually. If we applied the same EFs to all crops, the annual NMVOC emissions would be 2.33 Tg. The EFs of speciated NMVOCs can be used to improve the existing inventories.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84904717184&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84904717184&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/2013JD021044
DO - 10.1002/2013JD021044
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84904717184
SN - 0148-0227
VL - 119
SP - 7684
EP - 7698
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research
IS - 12
ER -