Do seedlings derived from pinewood nematode-resistant pinus thunbergii parl. clones selected in southwestern region perform well in northern regions in Japan? Inferences from nursery inoculation tests

BackgroundandObjectives:Todeterminewhether theprogenyofpinewoodnematode-resistant Pinus thunbergiiParl. clones selectedinthe southwesternregionof Japancouldbe successful inreforestation in the northern region, we investigated the magnitude of the genotype-environment interaction effect on the resistance against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle in P. thunbergii. Materials andMethods: We inoculated P. thunbergii seedlings of six full-sib families, with various resistance levels, with B. xylophilus in nurseries at three experimental sites in the northern and southern regions of Japan. All parental clones of the tested families originated from southwestern Japan, and selection of parental clones for resistance was performed in the same region. Sound rates after nematode inoculation were calculated, and survival analysis, correlation analysis and variance component analysis were performed. Results and Conclusions: Families with high sound rate in the southern region also showed a high sound rate in the northern region. In almost all cases, Spearman's correlation coefficients for sound rates were more than 0.698 among sites. The variance component of the interaction between site and family was small compared to that of site and family separately. Thus, we conclude that the resistant clones selected in the southern region would retain their genetic resistance in the northern regions.