Copper(II) Complexes of 10,20-Diaryl-5,15-diazaporphyrin: Alternative Synthesis, Excited State Dynamics, and Substituent Effect on the ¹O₂-Generation Efficiency

The synthesis, excited state dynamics, and substituent effect on the ¹O₂-generation efficiency of several copper(II) complexes of 5,15-diazaporphyrin (CuDAPs) bearing peripheral substituents are reported. 10,20-Diaryl-CuDAPs were prepared via a new method consisting of metal-templated cyclization and N-dealkylation as key steps. The effect of the β-substituents on the optical and redox properties of CuDAP was stronger than that of the meso-aryl groups, which can be explained by considering the characteristics of the HOMO and LUMO of the DAP ring. The excited state dynamics and ¹O₂-generation efficiency of CuDAPs were studied using time-resolved spectroscopic techniques; the electronic effect of the meso-aryl groups on the triplet lifetime and ¹O₂-generation quantum yield was relatively weak, whereas that of the β-(1-pyrazolyl) groups was appreciable. The analysis of the temperature dependence of phosphorescence spectra of 10,20-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-CuDAP allowed the energy gap between the excited trip-quartet and trip-doublet states to be determined. The relatively long triplet lifetimes of CuDAPs show their potential for future application as photosensitizers.