TY - JOUR
T1 - Condition of illegally logged stands following high frequency legal logging in bago yoma, myanmar
AU - Saung, Thein
AU - Khai, Tual Cin
AU - Mizoue, Nobuya
AU - Ota, Tetsuji
AU - Kajisa, Tsuyoshi
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This study was funded by JSPS KAKENHI (grant number JP23405029, JP17H01477, and JP19H04339) and a Grant for Environmental Research Projects from the Sumitomo Foundation.
Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: The author (T.S.) was financially supported by the Japan Human Resource Development Scholarship. We thank the Forest Department of Myanmar, particularly the Bago Township Forest Department, for their support and arrangement of our field work.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/2
Y1 - 2021/2
N2 - The restoration of degraded forests is the focus of global attention. Effective restoration requires information on the condition of degraded forests. This study aimed to understand the conditions of illegally logged stands that had also experienced inappropriately short rotations between legal logging cycles in natural production forests in Myanmar. Four rectangular plots (each 0.64 ha) were established in 2013. The plots included illegally logged stumps in three compartments where the latest legal logging was conducted in 2011 after very short rotations between legal logging cycles (up to five harvests between 1995 and 2011, compared with a recommended 30-year logging cycle). Using data from the field measurements in 2013 on the legal and illegal stumps and living trees, we reconstructed stand structure just before and after legal logging in 2011. Before the legal logging in 2011, there were variations in stand structure and the composition of commercial species among four plots. Illegal logging (14–31 trees ha−1 ) was much higher than legal logging (0–11 trees ha−1 ). Illegal logging targeted six to nine species that were suitable for high-quality charcoal from various sized trees, while legal logging targeted one or two timber species with a diameter at breast height (DBH) larger than 58 cm. The number of remaining trees in 2013 ranged from 33 to 181 trees ha−1 . There was a negative relationship with the number of bamboo clumps, which varied from 6 to 145 clumps ha−1 . Bamboo-dominated stands with a low remaining stock of commercial trees may need active restoration such as bamboo cutting and replanting of commercial species. Bamboo cutting could generate income for the local community.
AB - The restoration of degraded forests is the focus of global attention. Effective restoration requires information on the condition of degraded forests. This study aimed to understand the conditions of illegally logged stands that had also experienced inappropriately short rotations between legal logging cycles in natural production forests in Myanmar. Four rectangular plots (each 0.64 ha) were established in 2013. The plots included illegally logged stumps in three compartments where the latest legal logging was conducted in 2011 after very short rotations between legal logging cycles (up to five harvests between 1995 and 2011, compared with a recommended 30-year logging cycle). Using data from the field measurements in 2013 on the legal and illegal stumps and living trees, we reconstructed stand structure just before and after legal logging in 2011. Before the legal logging in 2011, there were variations in stand structure and the composition of commercial species among four plots. Illegal logging (14–31 trees ha−1 ) was much higher than legal logging (0–11 trees ha−1 ). Illegal logging targeted six to nine species that were suitable for high-quality charcoal from various sized trees, while legal logging targeted one or two timber species with a diameter at breast height (DBH) larger than 58 cm. The number of remaining trees in 2013 ranged from 33 to 181 trees ha−1 . There was a negative relationship with the number of bamboo clumps, which varied from 6 to 145 clumps ha−1 . Bamboo-dominated stands with a low remaining stock of commercial trees may need active restoration such as bamboo cutting and replanting of commercial species. Bamboo cutting could generate income for the local community.
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U2 - 10.3390/f12020115
DO - 10.3390/f12020115
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85099781352
SN - 1999-4907
VL - 12
SP - 1
EP - 12
JO - Forests
JF - Forests
IS - 2
M1 - 115
ER -