TY - JOUR
T1 - Three Different Episodes of Prompt Equatorial Electric Field Perturbations Under Steady Southward IMF Bz During St. Patrick's Day Storm
AU - Tulasi Ram, S.
AU - Nilam, B.
AU - Balan, N.
AU - Zhang, Q.
AU - Shiokawa, K.
AU - Chakrabarty, D.
AU - Xing, Z.
AU - Venkatesh, K.
AU - Veenadhari, B.
AU - Yoshikawa, A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work is partly supported by Department of Science and Technology, Government of India and ISEE, Nagoya University, under international joint research program 2019. This research was also supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1407304, 2018YFC1407303), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41604139, 41574138, 41774166, 41431072, 41831072), and the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment (grants 6142403180103, 6142403180102). The work of K. Shiokawa is supported by JSPS KAKENHI (15H05815 and 16H06286). One of the authors (K. V.) wishes to express his sincere thanks to NARL, India, for providing fellowship. The authors acknowledge the C. M. Denardini, INPE, Brazil, for providing magnetometer data over Eusebio; E. Yizengaw, E. Zesta, M. B. Moldwin, and the rest of the AMBER and SAMBA team for the magnetometer data over Belem being operated by Boston College and funded by NASA and AFOSR. The magnetometers at Davao and Muntinlupa are operated under MAGDAS network (http://www.serc.kyushu-u.ac.jp/magdas/MAGDAS_Project.htm). The open data policy of Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), NASA, USA (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ow_min.html) for the solar wind parameters, IMF Bz, Sym-H, AU, and AL indices; CDAWeb (http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/istp_public/) for the energetic electron fluxes data from GOES-15 at geosynchronous orbit is duly acknowledged. The madrigal TEC data is downloaded from the website (http://madrigal.haystack.mit.edu/cgi-bin/madrigal/madInvent.cgi). The GPS-TEC data products and access through the Madrigal distributed data system are provided to the community by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under support from U.S. National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1242204. The AMPERE data are obtained from the http://ampere.jhuapl.edu/index.html website, and the SuperDARN data are obtained from the website (http://vt.superdarn.org/tiki-index.php?page=DaViT+Map+Potential+Plot). The kiloelectron volt range electron fluxes from Van Allen Probes-A and B were taken from the https://www.rbsp-ect.lanl.gov/rbsp_ect.php website, and GOES-15 data were obtained from CDAWeb (https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/eval1.cgi).
Funding Information:
This work is partly supported by Department of Science and Technology, Government of India and ISEE, Nagoya University, under international joint research program 2019. This research was also supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1407304, 2018YFC1407303), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41604139, 41574138, 41774166, 41431072, 41831072), and the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment (grants 6142403180103, 6142403180102). The work of K. Shiokawa is supported by JSPS KAKENHI (15H05815 and 16H06286). One of the authors (K. V.) wishes to express his sincere thanks to NARL, India, for providing fellowship. The authors acknowledge the C. M. Denardini, INPE, Brazil, for providing magnetometer data over Eusebio; E. Yizengaw, E. Zesta, M. B. Moldwin, and the rest of the AMBER and SAMBA team for the magnetometer data over Belem being operated by Boston College and funded by NASA and AFOSR. The magnetometers at Davao and Muntinlupa are operated under MAGDAS network ( http://www.serc.kyushu‐u.ac.jp/magdas/MAGDAS_Project.htm ). The open data policy of Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), NASA, USA ( http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ow_min.html ) for the solar wind parameters, IMF , Sym‐H, AU, and AL indices; CDAWeb ( http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/istp_public/ ) for the energetic electron fluxes data from GOES‐15 at geosynchronous orbit is duly acknowledged. The madrigal TEC data is downloaded from the website ( http://madrigal.haystack.mit.edu/cgi‐bin/madrigal/madInvent.cgi ). The GPS‐TEC data products and access through the Madrigal distributed data system are provided to the community by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under support from U.S. National Science Foundation Grant AGS‐1242204. The AMPERE data are obtained from the http://ampere.jhuapl.edu/index.html website, and the SuperDARN data are obtained from the website ( http://vt.superdarn.org/tiki‐index.php?page=DaViT+Map+Potential+Plot ). The kiloelectron volt range electron fluxes from Van Allen Probes‐A and B were taken from the https://www.rbsp‐ect.lanl.gov/rbsp_ect.php website, and GOES‐15 data were obtained from CDAWeb ( https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi‐bin/eval1.cgi ). Bz
Publisher Copyright:
©2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2019/12/1
Y1 - 2019/12/1
N2 - Three different episodes of prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) disturbances are observed during the main phase of the St. Patrick's Day storm on 17 March 2015 under steady southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz conditions unlike the conventional PPEF associated with southward or northward turnings of IMF Bz. These PPEF events took place during the period when strong disturbance dynamo fields are prevailing in the background. The first event is triggered by a solar wind dynamic pressure pulse that caused a sharp eastward PPEF and strong enhancement of equatorial electrojet current in Brazilian dayside. The second event caused another short but strong westward PPEF on dayside due to the reversal of IMF By from duskward to dawnward under steady IMF Bz. The third event caused a longer eastward PPEF in association with a solar wind dynamic pressure pulse followed by the onset of a substorm, which has led to strong enhancement of equatorial electrojet, quick rejuvenation and symmetric redistribution of equatorial ionization anomaly in the Brazilian sector. The signatures of the PPEF with opposite polarity and smaller magnitudes are also observed in the Asian sector on the nightside. The possible mechanisms for the observed PPEF events under steady IMF Bz are discussed in terms of changes in the high-latitude field-aligned currents and reconfiguration of high-latitude convection fields using Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment and Super Dual Auroral Radar Network high-frequency radar observations.
AB - Three different episodes of prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) disturbances are observed during the main phase of the St. Patrick's Day storm on 17 March 2015 under steady southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz conditions unlike the conventional PPEF associated with southward or northward turnings of IMF Bz. These PPEF events took place during the period when strong disturbance dynamo fields are prevailing in the background. The first event is triggered by a solar wind dynamic pressure pulse that caused a sharp eastward PPEF and strong enhancement of equatorial electrojet current in Brazilian dayside. The second event caused another short but strong westward PPEF on dayside due to the reversal of IMF By from duskward to dawnward under steady IMF Bz. The third event caused a longer eastward PPEF in association with a solar wind dynamic pressure pulse followed by the onset of a substorm, which has led to strong enhancement of equatorial electrojet, quick rejuvenation and symmetric redistribution of equatorial ionization anomaly in the Brazilian sector. The signatures of the PPEF with opposite polarity and smaller magnitudes are also observed in the Asian sector on the nightside. The possible mechanisms for the observed PPEF events under steady IMF Bz are discussed in terms of changes in the high-latitude field-aligned currents and reconfiguration of high-latitude convection fields using Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment and Super Dual Auroral Radar Network high-frequency radar observations.
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U2 - 10.1029/2019JA027069
DO - 10.1029/2019JA027069
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85076339862
SN - 2169-9380
VL - 124
SP - 10428
EP - 10443
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
IS - 12
ER -