TY - JOUR
T1 - The genus Condyloderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) in the Mediterranean Sea, including the description of two new species with novel characters
AU - Dal Zotto, Matteo
AU - Neuhaus, Birger
AU - Yamasaki, Hiroshi
AU - Todaro, M. Antonio
N1 - Funding Information:
The first author received support from the SYNTHESYS Project (http://www.synthesys.info/), financed by European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 “Capacities” Program, to study and identify material of the Museum für Naturkunde (project number: DE-TAF-6639), FP7 ASSEMBLE grant 7th call (European Union). This study was also supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG to Drs Kai Horst George ( GE 1086/20-1 ) and to Birger Neuhaus (NE 931/6-1). We greatly appreciate loan of specimens by Dr Jon Norenburg and particularly thank Kathryn F. Ahlfeld for her help with the loan of specimens and the catalogue data. Kristine Kämpf, Anke Sänger, and Antje Schwiering provided technical support in Berlin. We also thank the staff of CIGS (Centro Interdipartimentale Grandi Strumenti, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) for the help provided in the use of the scanning electron microscope. The first author is grateful to the staff of the Consortium for the Interuniversity Center of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology at Leghorn (CIBM) for the support provided. Special thanks are given to Prof. Dr. M. V. Sørensen and to an anonymous reviewer for the constructive and valuable review of the manuscript.
Funding Information:
The first author received support from the SYNTHESYS Project (http://www.synthesys.info/), financed by European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 “Capacities” Program, to study and identify material of the Museum für Naturkunde (project number: DE-TAF-6639), FP7 ASSEMBLE grant 7th call (European Union). This study was also supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG to Drs Kai Horst George (GE 1086/20-1) and to Birger Neuhaus (NE 931/6-1). We greatly appreciate loan of specimens by Dr Jon Norenburg and particularly thank Kathryn F. Ahlfeld for her help with the loan of specimens and the catalogue data. Kristine Kämpf, Anke Sänger, and Antje Schwiering provided technical support in Berlin. We also thank the staff of CIGS (Centro Interdipartimentale Grandi Strumenti, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) for the help provided in the use of the scanning electron microscope. The first author is grateful to the staff of the Consortium for the Interuniversity Center of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology at Leghorn (CIBM) for the support provided. Special thanks are given to Prof. Dr. M. V. Sørensen and to an anonymous reviewer for the constructive and valuable review of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019
PY - 2019/9
Y1 - 2019/9
N2 - Two new species of Kinorhyncha belonging to the genus Condyloderes (Cyclorhagida: Centroderidae) are described herein. The specimens were collected in the Gulf of Castellammare (Tyrrhenian Sea, Sicily, Southern Italy) and off Livorno (Ligurian Sea, Tuscany, Central Italy), respectively. The new taxa represent the first species of Condyloderes described from the Mediterranean basin. Condyloderes agnetis sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by bearing cuspidate spines on segment 3 – a character never reported before for Cyclorhagida – in subdorsal position, paradorsally and sublaterally on segment 7, an extremely short midterminal spine, and a combination of cuspidate spines in lateral accessory position on segments 2 and 9, ventrolaterally slightly displaced ventromedially on segment 5, and ventrolaterally on segment 8. Condyloderes clarae sp. nov. is characterized by a combination of cuspidate spines on segments 5, 8, and 9 only, cuspidate spines ventrolaterally on segment 8 and in a lateral accessory position on segment 9, ventromedial appendages on segments 5, 6, and 7 in females. Both species exhibit the recently described type-6 sensory spots. Furthermore, the female morphology and data on the distribution of Condyloderes multispinosus (McIntyre, 1962) within the Mediterranean Sea are reported, along with the record of the co-occurrence of different species of Condyloderes at the same site. We report a certain degree of intraspecific variation of taxonomically diagnostic characters like the presence or absence of cuspidate spines and sensory spots on some segments in C. agnetis sp. nov. and C. multispinosus. The presence of regularly arranged cuticular hairs on most trunk segments and of an acicular spine in lateral accessory position on segment 1, along with the absence of an area of micropapillae on segment 9 in females of C. agnetis sp. nov. and C. clarae sp. nov., unique within the genus, suggest the existence of distinct evolutionary lines within Condyloderes. The discovery of the two new species highlights the potential species richness of a genus considered species-poor until recently. Our findings underscore the importance of promoting further studies even in rather well investigated areas, such as the Mediterranean basin. Beyond the taxonomic and biogeographical interest, the data reported herein provides additional insights for ongoing taxonomic and phylogenetic investigations on the Centroderidae and allies, and on the whole Cyclorhagida.
AB - Two new species of Kinorhyncha belonging to the genus Condyloderes (Cyclorhagida: Centroderidae) are described herein. The specimens were collected in the Gulf of Castellammare (Tyrrhenian Sea, Sicily, Southern Italy) and off Livorno (Ligurian Sea, Tuscany, Central Italy), respectively. The new taxa represent the first species of Condyloderes described from the Mediterranean basin. Condyloderes agnetis sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by bearing cuspidate spines on segment 3 – a character never reported before for Cyclorhagida – in subdorsal position, paradorsally and sublaterally on segment 7, an extremely short midterminal spine, and a combination of cuspidate spines in lateral accessory position on segments 2 and 9, ventrolaterally slightly displaced ventromedially on segment 5, and ventrolaterally on segment 8. Condyloderes clarae sp. nov. is characterized by a combination of cuspidate spines on segments 5, 8, and 9 only, cuspidate spines ventrolaterally on segment 8 and in a lateral accessory position on segment 9, ventromedial appendages on segments 5, 6, and 7 in females. Both species exhibit the recently described type-6 sensory spots. Furthermore, the female morphology and data on the distribution of Condyloderes multispinosus (McIntyre, 1962) within the Mediterranean Sea are reported, along with the record of the co-occurrence of different species of Condyloderes at the same site. We report a certain degree of intraspecific variation of taxonomically diagnostic characters like the presence or absence of cuspidate spines and sensory spots on some segments in C. agnetis sp. nov. and C. multispinosus. The presence of regularly arranged cuticular hairs on most trunk segments and of an acicular spine in lateral accessory position on segment 1, along with the absence of an area of micropapillae on segment 9 in females of C. agnetis sp. nov. and C. clarae sp. nov., unique within the genus, suggest the existence of distinct evolutionary lines within Condyloderes. The discovery of the two new species highlights the potential species richness of a genus considered species-poor until recently. Our findings underscore the importance of promoting further studies even in rather well investigated areas, such as the Mediterranean basin. Beyond the taxonomic and biogeographical interest, the data reported herein provides additional insights for ongoing taxonomic and phylogenetic investigations on the Centroderidae and allies, and on the whole Cyclorhagida.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.05.006
DO - 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.05.006
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85067291662
SN - 0044-5231
VL - 282
SP - 206
EP - 231
JO - Zoologischer Anzeiger
JF - Zoologischer Anzeiger
ER -
