TY - JOUR
T1 - Statistical comparison of seasonal variations in the GUMICS-4 global MHD model ionosphere and measurements
AU - Juusola, L.
AU - Facskõ, G.
AU - Honkonen, I.
AU - Janhunen, P.
AU - Vanhamäki, H.
AU - Kauristie, K.
AU - Laitinen, T. V.
AU - Milan, S. E.
AU - Palmroth, M.
AU - Tanskanen, E. I.
AU - Viljanen, A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2014/10/1
Y1 - 2014/10/1
N2 - Understanding the capability of a simulation to reproduce observed features is a requirement for its use in operational space weather forecasting. We compare statistically ionospheric seasonal variations in the Grand Unified Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling Simulation (GUMICS-4) global magnetohydrodynamic model with measurements. The GUMICS-4 data consist of a set of runs that was fed with real solar wind measurements and cover the period of 1 year. Ionospheric convection measurements are from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars, and electric currents are derived from the magnetic field measured by the CHAMP satellite. Auroral electrojet indices are used to examine the disturbance magnetic field on ground. The signatures of electrodynamic coupling between the magnetosphere and ionosphere extend to lower latitudes in GUMICS-4 than in observations, and key features of the auroral ovals - the Region 2 field-aligned currents, electrojets, Harang discontinuity, and ring of enhanced conductivity - are not properly reproduced. The ground magnetic field is even at best about 5 times weaker than measurements, which can be a problem for forecasting geomagnetically induced currents. According to the measurements, the ionospheric electrostatic potential does not change significantly from winter to summer but field-aligned currents enhance, whereas in GUMICS-4, the electrostatic potential weakens from winter to summer but field-aligned currents do not change. This could be a consequence of the missing Region 2 currents: the Region 1 current has to close with itself across the polar cap, which makes it sensitive to solar UV conductivity. Precipitation energy and conductance peak amplitudes in GUMICS-4 agree with observations. Key Points One year of GUMICS-4 MHD simulations are compared with ionospheric observationsKey features of the auroral ovals are not properly reproducedSimulated polar cap potential is sensitive to seasonal variation of solar UV.
AB - Understanding the capability of a simulation to reproduce observed features is a requirement for its use in operational space weather forecasting. We compare statistically ionospheric seasonal variations in the Grand Unified Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling Simulation (GUMICS-4) global magnetohydrodynamic model with measurements. The GUMICS-4 data consist of a set of runs that was fed with real solar wind measurements and cover the period of 1 year. Ionospheric convection measurements are from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars, and electric currents are derived from the magnetic field measured by the CHAMP satellite. Auroral electrojet indices are used to examine the disturbance magnetic field on ground. The signatures of electrodynamic coupling between the magnetosphere and ionosphere extend to lower latitudes in GUMICS-4 than in observations, and key features of the auroral ovals - the Region 2 field-aligned currents, electrojets, Harang discontinuity, and ring of enhanced conductivity - are not properly reproduced. The ground magnetic field is even at best about 5 times weaker than measurements, which can be a problem for forecasting geomagnetically induced currents. According to the measurements, the ionospheric electrostatic potential does not change significantly from winter to summer but field-aligned currents enhance, whereas in GUMICS-4, the electrostatic potential weakens from winter to summer but field-aligned currents do not change. This could be a consequence of the missing Region 2 currents: the Region 1 current has to close with itself across the polar cap, which makes it sensitive to solar UV conductivity. Precipitation energy and conductance peak amplitudes in GUMICS-4 agree with observations. Key Points One year of GUMICS-4 MHD simulations are compared with ionospheric observationsKey features of the auroral ovals are not properly reproducedSimulated polar cap potential is sensitive to seasonal variation of solar UV.
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U2 - 10.1002/2014SW001082
DO - 10.1002/2014SW001082
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84910664199
SN - 1542-7390
VL - 12
SP - 582
EP - 600
JO - Space Weather
JF - Space Weather
IS - 10
ER -