Spatial orientation of mitochondrial processing peptidase and a preprotein revealed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer

Mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP), which is composed of heterodimeric α-MPP and β-MPP subunits. It specifically recognizes mitochondrial preproteins and removes their basic N-terminal signal prepeptides. In order to elucidate the spatial orientation of the preproteins toward MPP, which has been missed by crystal structures of a yeast MPP including a synthetic prepeptide in its acidic proteolytic chamber, we analysed the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between EGFP fused to a yeast aconitase presequence (preEGFP) and regiospecific 7-dietylamino-3-(4′-maleimidyl phenyl)-4-methyl coumarin (CPM)-labelled yeast MPPs. FRET efficiencies of 65 and 55% were observed between the EGFP chromophore and CPM-Ser⁸⁴ and -Lys¹⁵⁶ of β-MPP, respectively, leading to calculated distances between the molecules of 48 and 50 Å, respectively. Considering the FRET results and the structural validity based on the crystal structure of the MPP-presequence complex, a plausible model of preEGFP associated with MPP was constructed in silico. The modelled structure indicated that amino acid residues on the C-terminal side of the cleavage site in the preprotein were orientated tail out from the large cavity of MPP and interacted with the glycine-rich loop of α-MPP. Thus, MPP orientates preproteins at the specific cleft between the catalytic domain and the flexible glycine-rich loop which seems to pinch the extended polypeptide.