TY - JOUR
T1 - Serum alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids are inversely associated with depressive symptoms in adults
AU - Kurotani, Kayo
AU - Sato, Masao
AU - Ejima, Yuko
AU - Kashima, Kentaro
AU - Nanri, Akiko
AU - Pham, Ngoc Minh
AU - Kuwahara, Keisuke
AU - Mizoue, Tetsuya
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) ( 18590601 ) and (B) ( 21390213 ) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science . The author declares no conflict of interest. The authors' contributions were follows - K.K.: design of analysis, statistical analysis, and writing of the manuscript; M.S., Y.E., and K. Kashima: responsibility for conduct and supervision of serum fatty acid analyses, input into data interpretation, and commenting on manuscript drafts; A.N., NM.P., and K. Kuwahara; interpretation of results and revision of manuscript drafts; T.M.: design and conduct of original study, responsibility for grants used to fund fatty acid assays, interpretation of results and revision of manuscript drafts. All authors approved the final version to be published. The authors thank the study subjects for their cooperation and participation. The authors also thank Tamami Hatano and Akihiro Tanaka (Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan); Mio Ozawa (Fukuoka Women's University, Fukuoka, Japan); and Akiko Hayashi and Kie Nagao (National Center for Global Health and Medicine) for their help in data collection.
PY - 2014/2
Y1 - 2014/2
N2 - Background & aims: Fatty acid composition in diet and serum has been linked to depression, but the evidence on this issue is limited among Japanese, who consume large amounts of fish rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. We examined the association between fatty acid composition in serum and depressive symptoms in Japanese men and women. Methods: The subjects were 496 participants aged 21-67 years in a cross-sectional study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Free, cholesterol ester, and phospholipid fatty acids in serum were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between serum fatty acid and depressive symptoms. Results: A higher free alpha-linolenic acid level was marginally significantly associated with a decreased prevalence of depressive symptoms (CES-D≥16) (P for trend=0.07). When a cut-off of CES-D≥19 was used, the association was strengthened; the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of depressive symptoms for the lowest through highest tertile of alpha-linolenic acid levels were 1.00 (reference), 0.49 (0.29-0.84), and 0.47 (0.26-0.83), respectively (P for trend=0.007). A higher n-6 PUFA in cholesterol esters and free linoleic acid were also significantly associated with a decreased prevalence of depressive symptoms (CES-D≥19) (P for trend=0.03 and 0.048, respectively). The other polyunsaturated fatty acids including marine-derived n-3 PUFA were not associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Fatty acid composition with high levels of serum alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids might be protectively associated with depressive symptoms in Japanese adults.
AB - Background & aims: Fatty acid composition in diet and serum has been linked to depression, but the evidence on this issue is limited among Japanese, who consume large amounts of fish rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. We examined the association between fatty acid composition in serum and depressive symptoms in Japanese men and women. Methods: The subjects were 496 participants aged 21-67 years in a cross-sectional study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Free, cholesterol ester, and phospholipid fatty acids in serum were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between serum fatty acid and depressive symptoms. Results: A higher free alpha-linolenic acid level was marginally significantly associated with a decreased prevalence of depressive symptoms (CES-D≥16) (P for trend=0.07). When a cut-off of CES-D≥19 was used, the association was strengthened; the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of depressive symptoms for the lowest through highest tertile of alpha-linolenic acid levels were 1.00 (reference), 0.49 (0.29-0.84), and 0.47 (0.26-0.83), respectively (P for trend=0.007). A higher n-6 PUFA in cholesterol esters and free linoleic acid were also significantly associated with a decreased prevalence of depressive symptoms (CES-D≥19) (P for trend=0.03 and 0.048, respectively). The other polyunsaturated fatty acids including marine-derived n-3 PUFA were not associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Fatty acid composition with high levels of serum alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids might be protectively associated with depressive symptoms in Japanese adults.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.clnme.2013.12.003
DO - 10.1016/j.clnme.2013.12.003
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84892957363
SN - 2212-8263
VL - 9
SP - e7-e12
JO - e-SPEN Journal
JF - e-SPEN Journal
IS - 1
ER -
