TY - JOUR
T1 - Redox-regulating sirtuins in aging, caloric restriction, and exercise
AU - Radak, Zsolt
AU - Koltai, Erika
AU - Taylor, Albert W.
AU - Higuchi, Mitsuru
AU - Kumagai, Shuzo
AU - Ohno, Hideki
AU - Goto, Sataro
AU - Boldogh, Istvan
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by Hungarian Grants ETT 38388 , TéT JAP13/02 , OTKA (K75702) , and TAMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1–2010-0013 awarded to Z. Radák and NIA/AG 021830 (I.B.).
PY - 2013/5
Y1 - 2013/5
N2 - The consequence of decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) levels as a result of oxidative challenge is altered activity of sirtuins, which, in turn, brings about a wide range of modifications in mammalian cellular metabolism. Sirtuins, especially SIRT1, deacetylate important transcription factors such as p53, forkhead homeobox type O proteins, nuclear factor κB, or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (which controls the transcription of pro- and antioxidant enzymes, by which the cellular redox state is affected). The role of SIRT1 in DNA repair is enigmatic, because it activates Ku70 to cope with double-strand breaks, but deacetylation of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 and probably of 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1 decreases the activity of these DNA repair enzymes. The protein-stabilizing effects of the NAD+-dependent lysine deacetylases are readily related to housekeeping and redox regulation. The role of sirtuins in caloric restriction (CR)-related longevity in yeast is currently under debate. However, in mammals, it seems certain that sirtuins are involved in many cellular processes that mediate longevity and disease prevention via the effects of CR through the vascular, neuronal, and muscular systems. Regular physical exercise-mediated health promotion also involves sirtuin-regulated pathways including the antioxidant-, macromolecular damage repair-, energy-, mitochondrial function-, and neuronal plasticity-associated pathways. This review critically evaluates these findings and points out the age-associated role of sirtuins.
AB - The consequence of decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) levels as a result of oxidative challenge is altered activity of sirtuins, which, in turn, brings about a wide range of modifications in mammalian cellular metabolism. Sirtuins, especially SIRT1, deacetylate important transcription factors such as p53, forkhead homeobox type O proteins, nuclear factor κB, or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (which controls the transcription of pro- and antioxidant enzymes, by which the cellular redox state is affected). The role of SIRT1 in DNA repair is enigmatic, because it activates Ku70 to cope with double-strand breaks, but deacetylation of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 and probably of 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1 decreases the activity of these DNA repair enzymes. The protein-stabilizing effects of the NAD+-dependent lysine deacetylases are readily related to housekeeping and redox regulation. The role of sirtuins in caloric restriction (CR)-related longevity in yeast is currently under debate. However, in mammals, it seems certain that sirtuins are involved in many cellular processes that mediate longevity and disease prevention via the effects of CR through the vascular, neuronal, and muscular systems. Regular physical exercise-mediated health promotion also involves sirtuin-regulated pathways including the antioxidant-, macromolecular damage repair-, energy-, mitochondrial function-, and neuronal plasticity-associated pathways. This review critically evaluates these findings and points out the age-associated role of sirtuins.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84876012415&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.004
DO - 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.004
M3 - Review article
C2 - 23339850
AN - SCOPUS:84876012415
SN - 0891-5849
VL - 58
SP - 87
EP - 97
JO - Free Radical Biology and Medicine
JF - Free Radical Biology and Medicine
ER -