@article{ae3a66ba745f42aca36d1ac20fe5f002,
title = "Quantifying the Importance of Rapid Adjustments for Global Precipitation Changes",
abstract = "Different climate drivers influence precipitation in different ways. Here we use radiative kernels to understand the influence of rapid adjustment processes on precipitation in climate models. Rapid adjustments are generally triggered by the initial heating or cooling of the atmosphere from an external climate driver. For precipitation changes, rapid adjustments due to changes in temperature, water vapor, and clouds are most important. In this study we have investigated five climate drivers (CO2, CH4, solar irradiance, black carbon, and sulfate aerosols). The fast precipitation responses to a doubling of CO2 and a 10-fold increase in black carbon are found to be similar, despite very different instantaneous changes in the radiative cooling, individual rapid adjustments, and sensible heating. The model diversity in rapid adjustments is smaller for the experiment involving an increase in the solar irradiance compared to the other climate driver perturbations, and this is also seen in the precipitation changes.",
author = "G. Myhre and Kramer, {R. J.} and Smith, {C. J.} and Hodnebrog and P. Forster and Soden, {B. J.} and Samset, {B. H.} and Stjern, {C. W.} and T. Andrews and O. Boucher and G. Faluvegi and D. Fl{\"a}schner and M. Kasoar and A. Kirkev{\aa}g and Lamarque, {J. F.} and D. Olivi{\'e} and T. Richardson and D. Shindell and P. Stier and T. Takemura and A. Voulgarakis and D. Watson-Parris",
note = "Funding Information: GM, {\O}H, BHS, and CWS were funded by the Research Council of Norway, through the grant NAPEX (229778). RJK was supported by NASA grant 17- EARTH17R-015. CJS and PF acknowl edge support from the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental and Biological Sciences under grant DESC0012549 and UK Natural Environment Research Council grant NE/N006038/1. DWP acknowl edges funding from Natural Environment Research Council projects NE/L01355X/1 (CLARIFY) and NE/J022624/1 (GASSP). DO and AK were supported by the Norwegian Research Council through the projects EVA (229771), EarthClim (207711/E10), NOTUR (nn2345k), and NorStore (ns2345k). OB acknowledges HPC resources from TGCC under the gen- cmip6 allocation provided by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif). PS acknowledges funding from the European Research Council project RECAP under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program with grant agree ment 724602 and support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. TA was supported by the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme funded by BEIS and Defra. MK and AV were supported by the Natural Environment Research Council under grant NE/K500872/1. TT was supported by the supercomputer system of the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-12-3) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan, and JSPS KAKENHI grant JP15H01728. Simulations with HadGEM3-GA4 were performed using the MONSooN system, a collaborative facility supplied under the Joint Weather and Climate Research Programme, which is a strategic part nership between the Met Office and the Natural Environment Research Council. Climate modeling at GISS (DS and GF) is supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program, and GISS simulations used resources pro vided by the NASA High-End Computing Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation at Goddard Space Flight Center. The ECHAM6-HAM2 simulations were per formed using the ARCHER UK National Supercomputing Service. The PDRMIP data are publicly available https://www. cicero.oslo.no/en/PDRMIP/PDRMIP-data-access. Funding Information: GM, ?H, BHS, and CWS were funded by the Research Council of Norway, through the grant NAPEX (229778). RJK was supported by NASA grant 17-EARTH17R-015. CJS and PF acknowledge support from the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental and Biological Sciences under grant DESC0012549 and UK Natural Environment Research Council grant NE/N006038/1. DWP acknowledges funding from Natural Environment Research Council projects NE/L01355X/1 (CLARIFY) and NE/J022624/1 (GASSP). DO and AK were supported by the Norwegian Research Council through the projects EVA (229771), EarthClim (207711/E10), NOTUR (nn2345k), and NorStore (ns2345k). OB acknowledges HPC resources from TGCC under the gencmip6 allocation provided by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif). PS acknowledges funding from the European Research Council project RECAP under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program with grant agreement 724602 and support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. TA was supported by the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme funded by BEIS and Defra. MK and AV were supported by the Natural Environment Research Council under grant NE/K500872/1. TT was supported by the supercomputer system of the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-12-3) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan, and JSPS KAKENHI grant JP15H01728. Simulations with HadGEM3-GA4 were performed using the MONSooN system, a collaborative facility supplied under the Joint Weather and Climate Research Programme, which is a strategic partnership between the Met Office and the Natural Environment Research Council. Climate modeling at GISS (DS and GF) is supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program, and GISS simulations used resources provided by the NASA High-End Computing Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation at Goddard Space Flight Center. The ECHAM6-HAM2 simulations were performed using the ARCHER UK National Supercomputing Service. The PDRMIP data are publicly available https://www.cicero.oslo.no/en/PDRMIP/PDRMIP-data-access. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2018. The Authors.",
year = "2018",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1029/2018GL079474",
language = "English",
volume = "45",
pages = "11,399--11,405",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
number = "20",
}
