Notes on the biology and natural enemies of polyphagozerra coffeae (Nietner, 1861) infesting Eucalyptus pellita f. muell. (myrtaceae) trees in Riau, Indonesia (lepidoptera: Cossidae, zeuzerinae)

Polyphagozerra coffeae (Nietner, 1861) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) is one of the most destructive borers in the world. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate some biological parameters of P. coffeae in laboratory. Natural enemy species and the damage caused on Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) trees by this pest were also identified in Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia. Lepidoptera were identified as P. coffeae after external morphology and aedeagus (male genitalia) analysis. The 1.66 ± 0.28 day old females were able to lay an average of 591.80 ± 126.33 eggs per individual. Caterpillars stayed in the tree stem for a period longer than 60 days. Natural enemies from five groups were recovered from P. coffeae. They were Brachymeria sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) as a hyperparasitoid of Cossidophaga coffeae Tachi & Shima, 2020 (Diptera: Tachinidae) parasitizing the caterpillar, Metarhizium sp. (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), an Eulophidae, Tetraschinae (pupal endoparasitoid), a Nematoda species (pupal parasite), and C. coffeae (larval parasitoid). Hanging and fallen tree tops, galleries and pupation chambers were damages caused by P. coffeae larvae on Eucalyptus trees. Sixty nine plant species belonging to 30 families are recorded as hosts of P. coffeae from the examined literature. The current study includes Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. and E. pellita × Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden as hosts of this pest.