Non-decay type fast-setting calcium phosphate cement: Hydroxyapatite putty containing an increased amount of sodium alginate

A hydroxyapatite [(HAP) Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂] putty that behaves like a putty or self-curing resin was made by increasing the amount of sodium alginate in non-decay type fast-setting calcium phosphate cement (nd-FSCPC). nd-PSCPC became viscous as the sodium alginate concentration was increased. The best handling properties were obtained when nd-FSCPC contained 8% sodium alginate in its liquid phase. When a 2-kg glass plate was placed on the paste, HAP putty spread to form an area three times that of FSCPC paste. Thus, HAP putty is expected to be easier to use than FSCPC in the filling of bone defects. HAP putty did not decay; in fact, it set within approximately 20 min when immersed in distilled water immediately after mixing. The wet diametral tensile strength value of HAP putty was approximately 12 MPa after 24 h, the same as that for nd-FSCPC containing 0.5% sodium alginate in its liquid phase, or FSCPC that is free from sodium alginate. The elements constituting set HAP putty were examined using powder X-ray diffraction and found to be predominantly apatitic minerals after 24 h. Since the handling properties of a putty or self-curing resinlike cement are very useful in certain surgical procedures, HAP putty made by increasing the sodium alginate concentration in nd-PSCPC is potentially a valuable new biomaterial for use in plastic and reconstructive surgery, as well as oral and maxillofacial surgery.