@article{d7b8a580be504481b51bdcce119d6f60,
title = "Nanocrystalline steel obtained by mechanical alloying of iron and graphite subsequently compacted by high-pressure torsion",
abstract = "Steel powders obtained by mechanical alloying of iron and graphite were compacted by high-pressure torsion. During high-pressure torsion, mean grain sizes rise from about 10 nm after mechanical alloying to about 20 nm. Vickers hardness reaches values of more than 10 GPa. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed superabundant vacancies present in concentrations up to 10-3. The results are discussed in terms of strain, strain rate, energy input and deformation mechanisms.",
author = "Christine Borchers and Clemens Garve and Marie Tiegel and Martin Deutges and Andreas Herz and Kaveh Edalati and Reinhard Pippan and Zenji Horita and Reiner Kirchheim",
note = "Funding Information: The authors are grateful for the financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ( KI-230/34 ). K.E. and Z.H. are grateful for Grant-in-Aids for Scientific Research (S) (No. 26220909 ) and for Scientific Research in Innovative Areas “Bulk Nanostructured Metals” (No. 22102004 ) from MEXT , Japan. C.B. thanks Prof. Robert Maa{\ss} from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Illinois for fruitful discussions. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Copyright: Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2015",
month = jul,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1016/j.actamat.2015.06.049",
language = "English",
volume = "97",
pages = "207--215",
journal = "Acta Materialia",
issn = "1359-6454",
publisher = "Elsevier Limited",
}