Laparoscopy-Assisted Distal Gastrectomy for Early Gastric Cancer: Is It Beneficial for Patients of Heavier Weight?

Objective: In this retrospective review, we evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of LADG for patients of heavier weight with early gastric cancer. Summary Background Data: LADG has been used to treat early gastric cancer. We and others have reported less operative blood loss, less pain, early recovery of bowel activity, early restart of oral intake, and a shorter hospital stay with LADG compared with a conventional open method. There is, however, little information on the advantages of LADG for obese patients with early gastric cancer. Methods: Between January 1996 and March 2002, 76 patients with preoperatively diagnosed early gastric carcinoma underwent LADG in our department. We classified these patients into 2 groups on the basis of body mass index (BMI). Nineteen patients had a high-BMI (≥ 24.2 kg/m²), and 57 patients had a normal-BMI (<24.2 kg/m²). We collected data by retrospectively reviewing the medical charts. Results: Extension of the minilaparotomic incision or conversion to laparotomy was needed in 6 (32%) of the 19 patients in the high-BMI group, whereas only 3 (5%) of 57 patients in the normal-BMI group required either. In the high-BMI group, Roux-en-Y anastomosis rather than Billroth I anastomosis was adopted more often than in the normal-BMI group, due to the difficulty of the reconstruction (58% versus 4%, P = 0.001). Significantly longer operative time (370 ± 61 minutes versus 317 ± 58 minutes, P = 0.015) and prolonged recovery of bowel activity (3.5 ± 1.0 days versus 2.6 ± 1.0 days, P = 0.007) were observed in the patients in the high-BMI group. Conclusions: In the current study, LADG in patients of heavier weight was accompanied by more technical difficulties, and the disadvantages of longer operative time and delayed recovery of bowel activity was observed in patients of heavier weight. Heavier weight appears to be an ominous factor in the successful completion of LADG and should be considered in the decision to use LADG. There are still benefits of a decreased incidence of serious wound and hernia complications in successful cases.