TY - JOUR
T1 - Interdecadal difference of interannual variability characteristics of South China Sea SSTs associated with ENSO
AU - Yang, Yali
AU - Xie, Shang Ping
AU - Du, Yan
AU - Tokinaga, Hiroki
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank J. S. Chowdary of the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Y. Kosaka of the University of Tokyo, and G. Li of LTO/SCSIO for their valuable and constructive comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. We acknowledge the Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds540.0) for providing ICOADS version 2.5 and the Met Office Hadley Centre (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk) for providing HadISST. The ERSST, Kaplan SST, OISST, COBE-SST, the University of Delaware precipitation, GPCP precipitation, and the 20th Century Reanalysis datasets were obtained from NOAA/ESRL (http://www. esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data). The Philippine stations precipitation and PJ/EAP pattern index were provided by H. Kubota. This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (2012CB955603), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA11010103), the National Science Foundation of China (41176024), and the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams.
Funding Information:
Acknowledgments. We thank J. S. Chowdary of the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Y. Kosaka of the University of Tokyo, and G. Li of LTO/SCSIO for their valuable and constructive comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. We acknowledge the Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds540.0) for providing ICOADS version 2.5 and the Met Office Hadley Centre (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk) for providing HadISST. The ERSST, Kaplan SST, OISST, COBE-SST, the University of Delaware precipitation, GPCP precipitation, and the 20th Century Reanalysis datasets were obtained from NOAA/ESRL (http://www. esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data). The Philippine stations precipitation and PJ/EAP pattern index were provided by H. Kubota. This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (2012CB955603), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA11010103), the National Science Foundation of China (41176024), and the CAS/ SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 American Meteorological Society.
PY - 2015/9/1
Y1 - 2015/9/1
N2 - The correlation between sea surface temperature (SST) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) persists into post-ENSO September over the South China Sea (SCS), the longest correlation in the World Ocean. Slow modulations of this correlation are analyzed by using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset (ICOADS). ENSO's influence on SCS SST has experienced significant interdecadal changes over the past 138 years (1870-2007), with a double-peak structure correlation after the 1960s compared to a single-peak before the 1940s. According to the ENSO correlation character, the analysis period is divided into four epochs. In epoch 3, 1960-83, the SST warming and enhanced precipitation over the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean, rather than the Indian Ocean basinwide warming, induce easterly wind anomalies and warm up the SCS in the summer following El Niño. Besides the Indian Ocean effect, during epochs 2 (1930-40) and 4 (1984-2007), the Pacific-Japan (PJ) pattern of atmospheric circulation anomalies helps sustain the SCS SST warming through summer (June-August) with easterly wind anomalies. The associated increase in shortwave radiation and decrease in upward latent heat flux cause the SCS SST warming to persist into the summer. Meanwhile, the rainfall response around the SCS to ENSO shows interdecadal variability, with stronger variability after the 1980s. The results suggest that both the remote forcing from the tropical Indian Ocean and the PJ pattern are important for the ENSO teleconnection to the SCS and its interdecadal modulations.
AB - The correlation between sea surface temperature (SST) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) persists into post-ENSO September over the South China Sea (SCS), the longest correlation in the World Ocean. Slow modulations of this correlation are analyzed by using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset (ICOADS). ENSO's influence on SCS SST has experienced significant interdecadal changes over the past 138 years (1870-2007), with a double-peak structure correlation after the 1960s compared to a single-peak before the 1940s. According to the ENSO correlation character, the analysis period is divided into four epochs. In epoch 3, 1960-83, the SST warming and enhanced precipitation over the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean, rather than the Indian Ocean basinwide warming, induce easterly wind anomalies and warm up the SCS in the summer following El Niño. Besides the Indian Ocean effect, during epochs 2 (1930-40) and 4 (1984-2007), the Pacific-Japan (PJ) pattern of atmospheric circulation anomalies helps sustain the SCS SST warming through summer (June-August) with easterly wind anomalies. The associated increase in shortwave radiation and decrease in upward latent heat flux cause the SCS SST warming to persist into the summer. Meanwhile, the rainfall response around the SCS to ENSO shows interdecadal variability, with stronger variability after the 1980s. The results suggest that both the remote forcing from the tropical Indian Ocean and the PJ pattern are important for the ENSO teleconnection to the SCS and its interdecadal modulations.
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U2 - 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0057.1
DO - 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0057.1
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84957921040
SN - 0894-8755
VL - 28
SP - 7145
EP - 7160
JO - Journal of Climate
JF - Journal of Climate
IS - 18
ER -