Induction of bilateral retinal necrosis in mice by unilateral intracameral inoculation of a glycoprotein-C deficient clinical isolate of herpes simplex virus type 1

Herpes simplex virus can cause acute retinal necrosis, a blinding retinal disease in man. A unilateral intracameral inoculation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in mice induces retinal necrosis primarily in the contralateral eye and provides an experimental model for the disease. Previous studies suggested that a major envelope glycoprotein of HSV-1, glycoprotein C (gC), is required for retinal necrosis. We studied HSV-1 strain TN-1, a gC-deficient clinical isolate from a lesion of herpetic keratitis, for its pathogenicity in mice with an intracameral inoculation of the virus and found that TN-1 could induce severe necrotizing retinitis in both inoculated and uninoculated eyes of BALB/c mice. Inoculation with a lower dose of TN-1 resulted in a unilateral necrotizing retinitis in the uninoculated eyes. Tissue virus titration of infected mice killed at various times after inoculation detected an infectious virus in various organs including the eyeballs, trigeminal ganglia, brain and adrenal glands. Anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) was observed in TN-1-inoculated mice as well as in mice inoculated with gC-positive laboratory strain KOS 7 days postinoculation. Our findings suggested that gC of HSV-1 is not necessary for either the induction of retinal necrosis, neural spread of the virus, or ACAID.