Impact of betel leaf cultivation on forests

The betel is a major cash crop on the Teknaf Peninsula. The cultivation of betel plants affects forests in two ways. The construction of "pan boroj " a facility to provide the plants with shading, consumes a large amount of forest resources every year. Another way of betel cultivation's influence on forests is tree clearance in cultivation plots. Pan boroj tend to be constructed on gentle slopes where forests originally existed because more productive and limited flatlands are used for other crops such as rice. Trees are cleared to make room for a pan boroj, and as long as betel is cultivated, trees will not regrow at that spot. This study conducted village household surveys to record all pan boroj in a village and to quantitatively assess the impact of betel cultivation on the nearby forests. An estimate of forest resource use is equivalent to approximately 5% of biomass annually generated in the village area. Cultivation plots of betel plans also account for another 5% of the area. Despite the negative impacts of betel cultivation on forests, this study also finds the economic importance of betel cultivation in the village economy, and estimates that betel cultivation may compensate the lack of sufficient livelihood generated by rice cultivation in limited flat land.