@article{dabdaff76aa84b9a86a40d8404cf0e2e,
title = "“Hot Spots” in the climate system—new developments in the extratropical ocean–atmosphere interaction research: a short review and an introduction",
author = "Hisashi Nakamura and Atsuhiko Isobe and Shoshiro Minobe and Humio Mitsudera and Masami Nonaka and Toshio Suga",
note = "Funding Information: As discussed above, the climatic significance of “hot spots” has recently been revealed through substantiation of an active role of the WBCs and associated frontal zones in the climate system. This recent progress is the outcome of rapidly growing attention to this subject by the international community. Toward this progress, contributions from Japanese scientists are substantial, including those from the project “Multi-Scale Air-Sea Interaction under the East-Asian Monsoon: A {\textquoteleft}Hot Spot{\textquoteright} in the Climate System”. This so-called “Hot Spot” project is funded from summer 2010 to spring 2015 by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, in which a hundred scientists and graduate students from both the oceanography and meteorological societies participated. The primary target of the project is the KOE region and the East Asian marginal seas, namely the Yellow and East China Seas and the Seas of Japan and Okhotsk, as the most profound “hot spot” in the climate system. Specifically, the climatological-mean sensible and latent heat release from the ocean based on the {"}Japanese Ocean Flux Data sets with Use of Remote Sensing Observations{"} (J-OFURO2) data (Kubota and Tomita ) in January is about 2 PW over the western North Pacific, which is much greater than around the Gulf Stream (0.9 PW). This region is characterized by sharp thermal contrasts in both meridional and zonal directions under the influence of the East-Asian monsoon and the confluence of the Kuroshio and Oyashio currents. By unifying advanced high-resolution numerical modeling on the Earth Simulator and new-generation satellite data, and by conducting in situ observation campaigns, we aim to deepen our understanding of multi-scale interactive processes actively involved in the air-sea heat and freshwater exchanges and their influence on the climate variability. The main topics of the project include multi-scale air-sea interactions over the marginal seas and KOE region under strong influence of the East Asian monsoon, in addition to a comparison with those in other “hot spots” over the globe. The project mainly investigates physical aspects of oceanic and atmospheric processes occurring in the “hot spots”, while also studying chemical and biological aspects in the KOE region and East Asian marginal seas. ",
year = "2015",
month = oct,
day = "29",
doi = "10.1007/s10872-015-0321-5",
language = "English",
volume = "71",
pages = "463--467",
journal = "Journal of Oceanography",
issn = "0916-8370",
publisher = "Oceanographic Society of Japan",
number = "5",
}
