TY - JOUR
T1 - Enzymatic preparation and characterization of spherical microparticles composed of artificial lignin and tempo-oxidized cellulose nanofiber
AU - Fukuda, Naoya
AU - Hatakeyama, Mayumi
AU - Kitaoka, Takuya
N1 - Funding Information:
Author Contributions: N.F. and M.H. conducted all experiments and analytical characterization. T.K. conceived the presented idea and designed research. N.F. and T.K. contributed to writing the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the published version of the manuscript. manuscript. All authors have read and approved the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was funded by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) Program (grant numbers JP20K22592 to M.H. and JP18K19233 to T.K.) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the Kyushu University-Initiated Venture Business Seed Development Program (GAP Fund to T.K.), and the Short-term Intensive Research Support Program from the Faculty to T.K.), and the Short-term Intensive Research Support Program from the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University (M.H. and T.K.). Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Data presented in this study are available in this article.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
PY - 2021/4
Y1 - 2021/4
N2 - A one-pot and one-step enzymatic synthesis of submicron-order spherical microparticles composed of dehydrogenative polymers (DHPs) of coniferyl alcohol as a typical lignin precursor and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNFs) was investigated. Horseradish peroxidase enzymatically catalyzed the radical coupling of coniferyl alcohol in an aqueous suspension of TOCNFs, resulting in the formation of spherical microparticles with a diameter and sphericity index of approximately 0.8 µm and 0.95, respectively. The ζ-potential of TOCNF-functionalized DHP microspheres was about −40 mV, indicating that the colloidal systems had good stability. Nanofibrous components were clearly observed on the microparticle surface by scanning electron microscopy, while some TOCNFs were confirmed to be inside the microparticles by confocal laser scanning microscopy with Calcofluor white staining. As both cellulose and lignin are natural polymers known to biodegrade, even in the sea, these woody TOCNF−DHP microparticle nanocomposites were expected to be promising alternatives to fossil resource-derived microbeads in cosmetic applications.
AB - A one-pot and one-step enzymatic synthesis of submicron-order spherical microparticles composed of dehydrogenative polymers (DHPs) of coniferyl alcohol as a typical lignin precursor and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNFs) was investigated. Horseradish peroxidase enzymatically catalyzed the radical coupling of coniferyl alcohol in an aqueous suspension of TOCNFs, resulting in the formation of spherical microparticles with a diameter and sphericity index of approximately 0.8 µm and 0.95, respectively. The ζ-potential of TOCNF-functionalized DHP microspheres was about −40 mV, indicating that the colloidal systems had good stability. Nanofibrous components were clearly observed on the microparticle surface by scanning electron microscopy, while some TOCNFs were confirmed to be inside the microparticles by confocal laser scanning microscopy with Calcofluor white staining. As both cellulose and lignin are natural polymers known to biodegrade, even in the sea, these woody TOCNF−DHP microparticle nanocomposites were expected to be promising alternatives to fossil resource-derived microbeads in cosmetic applications.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85103483315&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85103483315&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/nano11040917
DO - 10.3390/nano11040917
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85103483315
SN - 2079-4991
VL - 11
JO - Nanomaterials
JF - Nanomaterials
IS - 4
M1 - 917
ER -