TY - JOUR
T1 - El Niño–Southern Oscillation Evolution Modulated by Atlantic Forcing
AU - Chikamoto, Y.
AU - Johnson, Z. F.
AU - Wang, S. Y.Simon
AU - McPhaden, M. J.
AU - Mochizuki, T.
N1 - Funding Information:
The CESM experiment in this paper was conducted by the University of Southern California Center for High‐Performance Computing and Communications ( https://hpcc.usc.edu ) and the high‐performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) and Cheyenne (doi:10.5065/D6RX99HX) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The MIROC experiment was supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, through the Program for Risk Information on Climate Change. The simulations were performed with the Earth Simulator at the Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology. The manuscript benefited from the constructive comments of three anonymous reviewers. Y. C. and S.‐Y. W. are supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, (approved as journal paper 9230), SERDP Award RC19‐F1‐1389, and the U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation (R18AC00018 and R19AP00149). S.‐Y. W. is also supported by U.S. Department of Energy under Award DE‐SC0016605. M. J. M. is supported by NOAA (PMEL Contribution 4970). T. M. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grants JP19H05703 and JP17K05661.
Funding Information:
The CESM experiment in this paper was conducted by the University of Southern California Center for High-Performance Computing and Communications (https://hpcc.usc.edu) and the high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) and Cheyenne (doi:10.5065/D6RX99HX) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The MIROC experiment was supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, through the Program for Risk Information on Climate Change. The simulations were performed with the Earth Simulator at the Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology. The manuscript benefited from the constructive comments of three anonymous reviewers. Y. C. and S.-Y. W. are supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, (approved as journal paper 9230), SERDP Award RC19-F1-1389, and the U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation (R18AC00018 and R19AP00149). S.-Y. W. is also supported by U.S. Department of Energy under Award DE-SC0016605. M. J. M. is supported by NOAA (PMEL Contribution 4970). T. M. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grants JP19H05703 and JP17K05661.
Publisher Copyright:
©2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2020/8/1
Y1 - 2020/8/1
N2 - The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exerts a strong influence on tropical Atlantic variability, but it is also affected by Atlantic forcing. Previous research has proposed three Atlantic precursors for ENSO: the North tropical Atlantic, the equatorial Atlantic, and the entire tropical Atlantic. However, the relative importance of these Atlantic precursors for ENSO remains unclear. Here, we present evidence from a set of multimodel partial ocean assimilation experiments that equatorial Atlantic cooling is the main contributor for weakening equatorial zonal winds in the Indo-Pacific sector and subsequent ocean warming in the tropical Pacific. Opposite tendencies occur for a warmer equatorial Atlantic. The equatorial Atlantic affects the interbasin climate seesaw between the Atlantic and Pacific through an atmospheric zonal Wavenumber 1 pattern. However, model mean state biases and systematic errors prevent a precise assessment of the response times for the equatorial Pacific trade winds to Atlantic forcing.
AB - The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exerts a strong influence on tropical Atlantic variability, but it is also affected by Atlantic forcing. Previous research has proposed three Atlantic precursors for ENSO: the North tropical Atlantic, the equatorial Atlantic, and the entire tropical Atlantic. However, the relative importance of these Atlantic precursors for ENSO remains unclear. Here, we present evidence from a set of multimodel partial ocean assimilation experiments that equatorial Atlantic cooling is the main contributor for weakening equatorial zonal winds in the Indo-Pacific sector and subsequent ocean warming in the tropical Pacific. Opposite tendencies occur for a warmer equatorial Atlantic. The equatorial Atlantic affects the interbasin climate seesaw between the Atlantic and Pacific through an atmospheric zonal Wavenumber 1 pattern. However, model mean state biases and systematic errors prevent a precise assessment of the response times for the equatorial Pacific trade winds to Atlantic forcing.
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U2 - 10.1029/2020JC016318
DO - 10.1029/2020JC016318
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85089907721
SN - 2169-9275
VL - 125
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
IS - 8
M1 - e2020JC016318
ER -
