TY - JOUR
T1 - Dwarf males, large hermaphrodites and females in marine species
T2 - A dynamic optimization model of sex allocation and growth
AU - Yamaguchia, Sachi
AU - Sawada, Kota
AU - Yusa, Yoichi
AU - Iwasa, Yoh
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was performed under the support of the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S9) of the Ministry of the Environment , Japan, a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) to Y.I., and another for JSPS Fellows to S.Y. We are very thankful to the following people for their very useful comments: Eric L. Charnov, Y. Tachiki, and K. Uchinomiya.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - In this study, we investigate the evolutionarily stable schedule of growth and sex allocation for marine benthic species that contain dwarf males. We consider a population in an ephemeral microhabitat that receives a constant supply of larvae. Small individuals can immediately reproduce as a dwarf male or remain immature and grow. Large individuals allocate reproductive resources between male and female functions. The fraction c of newly settled individuals who remain immature and the sex allocation of large individuals m are quantities to evolve. In the stationary ESS, if the relative reproductive success of dwarf males is greater than the survivorship of immature individuals until they reach a mature size, then the population is a mixture of females and dwarf males. If the opposite inequality holds, the population is dominated by hermaphrodites and lacks dwarf males. There is no case in which a mixture of hermaphrodites and dwarf males to be the ESS in the stationary solution. The ESS can be solved by dynamic programming when the strategies depend on the age of the microhabitat (c (t) and m(t)). Typically, the ESS schedule begins with a population composed only of hermaphrodites, which is replaced by a mixture of dwarf males and hermaphrodites and then by a mixture of dwarf males and pure females. The relative importance of these three phases depends on multiple parameters.
AB - In this study, we investigate the evolutionarily stable schedule of growth and sex allocation for marine benthic species that contain dwarf males. We consider a population in an ephemeral microhabitat that receives a constant supply of larvae. Small individuals can immediately reproduce as a dwarf male or remain immature and grow. Large individuals allocate reproductive resources between male and female functions. The fraction c of newly settled individuals who remain immature and the sex allocation of large individuals m are quantities to evolve. In the stationary ESS, if the relative reproductive success of dwarf males is greater than the survivorship of immature individuals until they reach a mature size, then the population is a mixture of females and dwarf males. If the opposite inequality holds, the population is dominated by hermaphrodites and lacks dwarf males. There is no case in which a mixture of hermaphrodites and dwarf males to be the ESS in the stationary solution. The ESS can be solved by dynamic programming when the strategies depend on the age of the microhabitat (c (t) and m(t)). Typically, the ESS schedule begins with a population composed only of hermaphrodites, which is replaced by a mixture of dwarf males and hermaphrodites and then by a mixture of dwarf males and pure females. The relative importance of these three phases depends on multiple parameters.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.tpb.2013.02.001
DO - 10.1016/j.tpb.2013.02.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 23416753
AN - SCOPUS:84874404610
SN - 0040-5809
VL - 85
SP - 49
EP - 57
JO - Theoretical Population Biology
JF - Theoretical Population Biology
IS - 1
ER -
