Differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors (hepatoma, hemangioma, and metastasis) with CT: Value of two-phase incremental imaging

Two-phase dynamic incremental CT is a technique in which CT scans are obtained 45 sec and 6 min after commencing the rapid bolus injection of contrast medium. We analyzed the contrast enhancement patterns of three types of hepatic tumors (72 hepatomas, 39 hemangiomas, and 28 metastases) in 139 patients to determine if any differences in the patterns are useful in the differential diagnosis of these lesions. Dynamic incremental CT scanning was performed after 100 ml of iodinated contrast material was administered IV with a power injector at a rate of 2 ml/sec. A 1-sec scanning time was used with a 1.6-sec interscan delay, which allowed table motion between scans. CT scans (eight to 16 sections) were obtained 45-110 sec (early phase) and 6-7 min (delayed phase) after commencing the injection of contrast medium. The enhancement patterns of hepatomas were as follows: 32% were totally hyperdense in the early phase and totally hypodense in the delayed phase, while 24% were totally hypodense in both phases. Most of the hepatomas (88%) appeared as totally hypodense lesions in the delayed phase. In the case of hemangiomas, 56% were peripherally hyperdense in the early phase; in the delayed phase, 36% were isodense and 31% were totally hyperdense. Most hemangiomas (85%) were not totally hypodense in the early phase, and no hemangioma was totally hypodense in both phases. In the early phase, 61% of metastases were hypodense. In the delayed phase, 57% were hypodense. Metastases most commonly were totally hypodense in both phases (43%). We conclude that contrast enhancement patterns of hepatomas, hemangiomas, and metastases seen on two-phase dynamic incremental CT scans are useful in the differential diagnosis of these tumors.