Development of a Rapid Immunochromatographic Strip Test for the Detection of Mulberroside A

Introduction Mulberroside A (MuA) is the major active anti-tyrosinase compound in the root bark extract of Morus alba L. (Moraceae). Typically, MuA is widely employed as an active ingredient in whitening cosmetics. A rapid and simple assay system utilizing a small quantity of test sample is essential for the detection of MuA in large number of samples. An immunoassay using highly specific MuA polyclonal antibodies may be useful for the determination of small quantities of MuA in test samples. Objective To establish a rapid qualitative MuA test, an immunochromatographic strip test was developed using anti-MuA polyclonal antibodies (anti-MuA PAb). Methodology The qualitative assay was based on a competitive immunoassay where the detection reagent consisted of anti-MuA PAb colored with colloidal gold particles. The capture reagent was a MuA-ovalbumin (MuA-OVA) conjugate immobilized on the test strip membrane. Results A sample containing MuA and the detection reagent were incubated together with immobilized capture reagent on a nitrocellulose membrane. When MuA was present, it competed with the immobilized conjugates on the strip membrane to bind a limited amount of colored antibodies; thus, a positive sample showed no color on the capture spot zone. The detection limit for the strip test was 2 μg/mL. The developed immunochromatographic strip test was utilized to determine MuA in plants, medical preparations and cosmetic samples. Conclusion This immunochromatographic strip test is advantageous as a rapid, simple and sensitive screening method for the detection of MuA in plant extracts, cosmetic samples and pharmaceutical products. Mulberroside A (MuA) is the major active anti-tyrosinase compound in the root bark extract of Morus alba L. (Moraceae). Typically, MuA is widely employed as an active ingredient in whitening cosmetics. To establish a rapid qualitative MuA test, an immunochromatographic strip test was developed using anti-MuA polyclonal antibodies (anti-MuA PAb) colored with colloidal gold particles as the detector reagent. The capture reagent was a MuA-ovalbumin (MuA-OVA) conjugate immobilized on the test strip membrane. When MuA was present, it competed with the immobilized conjugates on the strip membrane to bind a limited amount of colored antibodies; thus, a positive sample showed no color on the capture spot zone. The detection limit for the strip test was 2 μg/ml. This immunochromatographic strip test is advantageous as a rapid, simple and sensitive screening method for the detection of MuA in plant extracts, cosmetic samples and pharmaceutical products.