Conclusion: Towards sustainable labor force management of landscapes

This chapter summarizes the key concepts of this book. In the shrinking and aging societies throughout Japan, the issues of landscape management are serious. In this book, the concept of landscape management labor accounts is proposed toward a comprehensive and integrated understanding of labor force management of the ecological elements and units in different landscapes from a small to large scales. The framework of landscape management labor accounts will provide a good viewpoint for analyzing current problems and determining future solutions that involve the cooperation of various stakeholders. In the future, collaborative development of functional studies on ecological services, structural studies on green infrastructure, and affordability studies on landscape management labor accounts might provide an integrated planning and design process with not only the aspects of ecological values considered but also economic and social values in a sustainable and resilient manner as well.