Clinical management of atypical polypoid adenomyoma of the uterus. A clinicopathological review of 29 cases

Objective The clinical management of atypical polypoid adenomyoma (APAM) of the uterus remains to be established. We collected APAM cases, reviewed the clinicopathological features, and discussed the clinical management. Methods Twenty-nine patients with APAM were identified by searching the tumor registry of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG). Clinical information and histological specimens were obtained from 13 institutional members of the JCOG, and a central pathological review was performed. Results The mean age of the patients was 38 years (range, 22-58). Squamous metaplasia was present in 19 cases (65.5%), and well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma coexisted in 5 cases (17.2%). Primary treatment consisted of dilatation and curettage in 9 patients (31.0%), vaginal resection in 2 patients (6.9%), hysteroscopic transcervical resection (TCR) using hysteroscopy in 10 patients (34.5%), and hysterectomy in 8 patients (27.6%). There were recurrences in 5 (23.8%) of the 21 cases in which fertility was preserved, and the recurrent rate was 10% (1/10) in patients those were treated with TCR and 36.4% (4/11) in those the other treatment options were selected. All patients were alive after primary treatment (a mean follow-up period was 39.6 months; range, 1-202). Conclusion The clinical outcome of APAM is benign. However, differential diagnosis should be performed because of its histological similarity to invasive endometrial carcinoma and the possibility of coexistence with other endometrial neoplasms. TCR is a recommended diagnostic and treatment option for patients who desire to preserve fertility.