Catalytic growth of graphene: Toward large-area single-crystalline graphene

For electronic applications, synthesis of large-area, single-layer graphene with high crystallinity is required. One of the most promising and widely employed methods is chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using Cu foil/film as the catalyst. However, the CVD graphene is generally polycrystalline and contains a significant amount of domain boundaries that limit intrinsic physical properties of graphene. In this Perspective, we discuss the growth mechanism of graphene on a Cu catalyst and review recent development in the observation and control of the domain structure of graphene. We emphasize the importance of the growth condition and crystallinity of the Cu catalyst for the realization of large-area, single-crystalline graphene.