Analyses of sporads types at different bud development stages of Phalaenopsis orchids

This study aimed to investigate sporad types of pollinia collected from flower buds at different development stages to determine the optimal timing for unreduced male gamete induction. Pollinia collected at different flower development stages in 6 Phalaenopsis species, including P. amabilis, P amboinensis var. flava, P. equestris, P. hieroglyphica, P. venosa and P. violacea, were used to examine the distribution of sporad types. The results showed that the highest percentages of monad were observed when the sizes of flower buds were about or less than 5 mm in P. amabilis, P. equestris, P. hieroglyphica and P. venosa, and about or less than 7.5 mm in P. amboinensis var. flava and P. violacea. Accordingly, those sized flower buds might be suitable for subsequent unreduced male gamete induction needed for developing an efficient sexual polyploidization breeding scheme in Phalaenopsis.